Slide 7 · 3 November 2026
Read across each row as a chain of IWRM tasks: basin planning, evidence, participation, permission to use water and ecological protection. All five codes recognise integrated and/or basin-based management, but do not impose identical mechanisms. This matrix summarises the selected code provisions, not implementation in practice or all subsidiary regulations. The country names link to the codes. Article references and detailed statutory qualifications are in the linked reading notes. The matrix is a teaching overview, not a country performance score.
Kazakhstan (2025): Arts. 3–4 establish integrated/basin management and joint consideration of surface and groundwater. Art. 31 requires basin plans with a water balance, resource projections and environmental/risk measures; Art. 32 defines retrospective and prospective balances. Art. 65 creates consultative basin councils including water users and requires their recommendations to inform plans. Arts. 45–46 govern special-use permits, with exceptions. Art. 39(1–2) makes ecological flow obligatory and a priority. Do not present the calculation provisions as already operative: Art. 134 defers Art. 39(3) and Art. 40(2–3) to 1 January 2027. The accessible code PDF was checked against official Adilet search extracts; the full live consolidated Adilet page was not retrievable.
Kyrgyz Republic (2025): Art. 5 requires management in hydrographic main-basin boundaries. Art. 24(1–3) provides plans for each basin and required risk/protection content; Art. 24(4) permits additional resource, demand and ecological-needs assessments. These optional items must not be labelled mandatory. Arts. 11 and 24(5) provide councils and user consultation. Art. 32(10) requires permit assessment of availability, basin allocation/international obligations, priorities, existing lawful use, environmental assessment, objections and ecological flow. Art. 59 assigns minimum flows for specified rivers/water bodies to the Cabinet; the code does not supply a universal numerical threshold.
Tajikistan (2020): Art. 21 applies IWRM within river-basin and connected-groundwater boundaries; Arts. 22–24 establish zones, organisations and consultative councils including users. Art. 38 requires basin plans to use the national information system, existing schemes, water balances and abstraction limits. Art. 48 establishes special-use permits. Arts. 62 and 82 require aquatic-life/water-body protection, including hydropower operations. These protection duties are not an identical dedicated minimum-flow mechanism to Kyrgyz Art. 59. No claim of absence of environmental-flow rules in other instruments is made.
Turkmenistan (2016, effective 2017): Arts. 1(7) and 4 expressly recognise integrated management and the combination of basin and administrative-territorial approaches. Art. 24 requires integrated schemes at general, basin and territorial levels; these are not relabelled as the same basin-plan instrument used elsewhere. Art. 23 provides water balances. Art. 15(3) establishes councils where necessary; Art. 4(10) also recognises public participation. Art. 35(4) requires special-use permits with statutory exclusions. Art. 65(2)(4) obliges energy operators to make prescribed environmental/sanitary/emergency releases: the scope is energy operations, not proof of a uniform basin-wide quantified floor.
Uzbekistan (2025): Art. 6 integrates surface, groundwater and return flows. Arts. 29–30 provide basin/territorial plans; Art. 46 requires annual balances. Arts. 16 and 18 provide consultative councils and public participation. Art. 56 requires permits for specified special uses, including abstraction above 5 m³/day using intake structures and certain discharges; it contains exceptions, including water use from artificial reservoirs. Art. 122 places sanitary/ecological releases within balances/use plans according to annual water conditions and assigns methodology preparation to environmental bodies.
Teaching implication: graduates should be able to link basin evidence, stakeholder interests, water-use decisions and ecological needs. These codes justify teaching integrated assessment; this slide does not claim that they require a particular software model. Primary texts checked 3 November 2026; links and detailed provenance in legal-matrix-evidence.html.
Downloaded texts: Kazakhstan code PDF from SIC ICWC/CAWater-Info; Tajikistan ministry, Turkmenistan Parliament and Uzbekistan LexUZ HTML. Kyrgyz code read through the FAOLEX PDF text service (direct download returned HTTP 403). The full consolidated Adilet page required JavaScript; the PDF supports the cited baseline provisions. No exhaustive amendment or implementing-act audit is claimed.